23 Test practice: Student representatives You are going to listen to a student representative talking about her experiences. First you will have 45 seconds to study the task below, then you will hear the recording twice. While listening, answer the questions (1–7) using a maximum of four words. Write your answers in the spaces provided. The first one (0) has been done for you. 0 Why are student representatives so important for schools and colleges? They act as mediators. 1 Which skills are the most important ones for student representatives? 2 Which aspect of the work of student representatives is problematic? 3 What is a possible effect of their work on their grades? 4 What are the most important problems student representatives have to deal with apart from academic challenges? 5 What is an advantage of being a student representative? 6 What is said about the effects of shared projects? 7 Why would the speaker recommend working as a student representative? Post-listening task: Discourse markers Listen again and note down the discourse markers that are used in the audio track in your learning journal. 4 Tip T Discourse markers Discourse markers are words, phrases or just sounds (e.g. er, hm, hmm, huh, mhm, oh, uh, um) used in conversation to connect two passages, emphasise a point, organise what we want to express or to create a pause. Sometimes they are even used to express doubt, hesitation or politeness or to just set the tone of a conversation. They can also be used to interrupt the flow of conversation and to change the topic. For listeners this is the chance to check and reorganise their notes, to concentrate on the next point or just to take a break as well. Word bank W Common discourse markers absolutely • actually • admittedly • all right (alright) • amazingly • and • and then • anyway • apparently • arguably • as a matter of fact • as I say • as we know it today • at the end of the day • basically • before we go into detail • believe me • certainly • clearly • confidentially • definitely • essentially • exactly •fine • first (of all) • for a start • fortunately • frankly • good • great • honestly • hopefully • I guess • I mean • I must admit • I must say • I see • I suppose • I think • I’m afraid • I’m sorry • ideally • if you ask me • in a way • in fact • in general • in the end • indeed • just • kind of • last of all • lastly • like • literally • maybe • mind you • naturally • next • no • no doubt • now • obviously • of course • OK • on top of that • or something • perhaps • predictably • presumably • probably • quite • really • right • roughly • sadly • second • seriously • so • sorry • sort of • sure • surely • surprisingly • thankfully • That’s amazing. • That’s awful. • That’s great. • That’s interesting. • third • to be fair • to be honest • to say the least • to sum up • to tell the truth • understandably • undoubtedly • unfortunately • well • what’s more • wonderful • wow • yeah • yes • you know • You know what I mean? • you see + 23 ✔ 5 + 23 ppenarbeit 2 bewegen Arbeitsheft Arbeitheftv. Buch Buchverweis Blatt Blattverweis Checkliste Mappe 1 Mappe 2 Blatt 2 hriften 2 Verschriften 3 Verschriften 4 Schreiben 2 Malen 1 Schreiben 1 Schreiben 2 Schwingen Silbenbögen Ausmalen nummerieren* arkieren König Schneiden Kleben Dreieck Lineal Spiel Modell Experiment Mikroskop interaktiv Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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