6 India 31 Language in use: The caste system Read the text about the social system in India. Some words are missing. Change the word in brackets to form the missing word for each gap (1–16). Write your answers in the spaces provided. The first one (0) has been done for you. Society in India is divided into castes based on the ancient Hindu system of four groups according to their … 0 (spirit) and physical … 1 (develop) and self-control. These four groups or castes were … 2 (close) associated with the function individuals had in society: The highest caste, the Brahmins, were regarded as the intellectual and spiritual guides, as priests and philosophers. The second group were the Kshatriyas, the caste of warriors and … 3 (rule). Then came the Vaishyas, mostly … 4 (trade), and … 5 (labour) and craftsmen made up the lowest caste, the Shudras. Higher castes did not mix with people from lower castes, as they did not want to spoil their family … 6 (rank). In order to keep up this rigid caste system people who broke the … 7 (rule) had to face severe … 8 (punish). When Britain ruled India, they tried to … 9 (strong) the rights of the lower castes and to ban traditional practices that were … 10 (accept) for the British, but most of these attempts were … 11 (success). Since the … 12 (adopt) of the Constitution of India in 1949 all Indian citizens share the same rights. However, in spite of the changes in the law, the most important influence on the current social system has been the … 13 (economy) boom of the last few years. Megacities have emerged and the traditional social system started to crumble. In … 14 (add) to that the opportunities provided by the thriving economy have made it possible to become successful outside the barriers of social traditions. … 15 (Gradual) the system is changing but many of the social … 16 (divide) of Indian society can still be observed around the country. 0 spiritual 1 9 2 10 3 11 4 12 5 13 6 14 7 15 8 16 4 ✔ Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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