95 Ouch! Body parts Match the words from the box to the body parts (a–r) on p. 94. LANGUAGE 3 Medical vocabulary Copy the table below into your notebook and put the green expressions from the text in the correct categories. Then add words you already know and share them with the class. LANGUAGE 5 ankle cheek chest chin elbow eyebrow forehead heel hip jaw knee shin shoulder stomach thigh thumb waist wrist Read the article about health below. Which facts do you find the most interesting? READING 4 Organs Medical conditions Processes (verbs) How your body works Your brain You might make jokes about your brain not working properly, but did you know that although your brain stops growing in size by early adolescence, it continues to develop and mature until your mid- to late 20s? The typical brain weighs only about 1.4 kg, but it can generate almost 50,000 thoughts a day! Your brain works continuously and never rests, even when you’re asleep. Some people experience a loss of blood supply to the brain, which can lead to a stroke. This is a serious condition that requires immediate medical treatment. If you get thirsty and become too dehydrated, this can affect brain function and cause headaches. Your heart Did you know that, on average, your heart beats 40 million times per year? Over your lifetime, this adds up to two billion, six hundred million heartbeats pumping between 5 and 7 litres of blood per minute – that’s over 7,000 litres per day. Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and factors like an unhealthy lifestyle, poor diet and being overweight can all contribute to a heart attack. However, thanks to modern treatments, many people recover. Your lungs Whilst the heart pumps your blood around, your lungs transport oxygen from the air you breathe into your bloodstream and take away carbon dioxide. An average person breathes in around 11,000 litres of air every day. We all know that smoking can cause lung cancer, but it can also result in other lung diseases such as emphysema. That’s why it makes sense for smokers to quit! Asthma is a common disease that affects the lungs. Asthma attacks happen when your airways narrow, and this makes breathing in air more difficult. Your liver The liver is a truly remarkable organ as it has the ability to grow back almost completely if you lose part of it. This is good news as it performs more than 500 different functions, including storing glucose, cleaning your blood, producing antibodies and recycling hormones. Your liver weighs about the same as a small chihuahua, around 1.5 kg, and is about the size of a football, although 96 percent of it is water. Some lifestyle choices can have a serious impact on this vital organ. For example, the liver can only handle a certain amount of alcohol at any given time, so drinking too much or too quickly means the liver cells have difficulty processing it. This can also seriously affect the kidneys. Regular and heavy drinking over time can lead to liver disease. Similarly, drugs can also damage the liver and disrupt its normal function, causing liver disease to develop. Symptoms of liver disease include tiredness, weakness, stomach ache, throwing up, loss of appetite and yellowing of the skin (known as jaundice). Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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