177 3 Pronoun changes You may need to change the pronouns depending on whose words are being reported and who they are referring to: Steve: “I need to do some shopping.” Emily: “I’ll help you with it.” He said that he needed to do some shopping. She said that she would help him with it. Questions With question words, the word order changes (subject before the verb), and do is not used. Emily: “Steve, where do you go to school?” Emily asked Steve where he went to school. You report yes/no questions using if or whether. Rose: “Steve, did you buy Lizzie’s present?” Rose wondered if Steve had bought Lizzie’s present. Common reporting verbs: ask, inquire, wonder, want to know Orders, requests and advice When you report what somebody advised, requested or ordered/told you to do, you use this structure: subject – reporting verb – person – (not) to – verb (infinitive). Request Rose: “Could you please get Lizzie’s present?” Advice Shop assistant: “Why don’t you try Hebendam’s?” Order Police: “Don’t steal from shops!” Rose asked Steve to get Lizzie’s present. The shop assistant advised him to try Hebendam’s. The police told them not to steal from shops. Common reporting verbs: ask, forbid, order, request, tell, warn, want Common reporting verbs for statements: add, admit, announce, argue, comment, complain, confirm, doubt, explain, insist, mention, promise, realise, repeat, reply, report, say, suggest, think, warn Gerund and infinitive When a verb is used as a noun in a sentence, it is called a ‘gerund’ (verb + -ing). A gerund can be used as the subject or as an object of a sentence, just like a noun. Gardening is a great hobby (= gerund as subject). – Pat enjoys gardening. (= gerund as object) When there is a verb following a preposition (by, from, without, etc.), it takes the form of a gerund. You can live without eating, but you can’t live without drinking. When you use two verbs together, the second verb can either be a gerund or an infinitive. I avoid sunbathing in the summer./Greg wants to live in Spain. Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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