112 Unit 08 | Read all about it! How are passive structures formed in English? Pick the correct explanation, then check with Grammar revisited, p. 180. a infinitive + the past form of the verb b a form of be/will/have + the gerund form of the verb c a form of be + the past participle of the verb In passive sentences, by … is used to say who did something. But this is not always necessary. Read the sentences below and decide whether the underlined part is necessary or not. Explain your choice to your partner. 1 Snow leopards are hardly ever seen by anyone because they are rare and endangered. 2 Fire crews were called to the scene by a four-year-old boy using his mum’s mobile phone. 3 The man was sentenced to five years in prison by a judge. 4 In the video clip, the woman can be seen jumping off the bridge by the viewers. 5 A complaint was filed against the bungee sports company by the woman’s lawyers. If you use a modal verb in a passive sentence, you need a passive infinitive (be + past participle). Complete the following sentences. The first one has been done for you. 1 Sometimes, snow leopards can be seen (see) in the mountains of Kashmir. 2 The bungee sports company should (sue). 3 Strict measures against crime must (take). 4 If you go bungee jumping, you may (film). 5 Fortunately, the passengers could (evacuate). Do you remember the news stories on pp. 110–111? Pick one and retell it to your partner (without looking at the text). Your partner should listen and write down all the passive verb forms you use. When you have finished, compare your versions with the original texts. b 12 13 14 The passive If you want to focus on actions and their effects (e.g. in news reports) rather than on who is doing them, you can use the passive. The same tenses can be used with passive verbs as with active verbs. Underline the passive forms and identify the tenses used in the sentences on the left. LANGUAGE 11 a 1 Antique jewellery is very valuable and is often stolen. Tense: 2 It was easy for the burglar to enter the house because a window had been left open. Tense: 3 No injuries were reported following the incident. Tense: 4 For the moment, all bungee jumps have been cancelled. Tense: 5 Great care will be taken in the future not to disturb the snow leopards. Tense: Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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