Explore writing: Taking notes Talk in pairs. 1 When do you take notes? ■■ taking a phone message ■■ in an interview ■■ in class ■■ listening to a podcast ■■ getting directions ■■ in a meeting 2 Do you use any specific note-taking techniques? 38 to either ‘extraversion’ or ‘introversion’, combined with an inborn preference for one of what he called the ‘four basic psychological functions’ – ‘thinking’, ‘feeling’, ‘sensation’, ‘intuition’. In spite of Jung’s work, for many years, the study of psychology was dominated by Freudian psychodynamics on the one hand, and Pavlovian conditioning on the other. Behaviour was explained as due to unconscious motives or to past conditioning, or to both. Then, in the middle of the 20th century, an American woman called Isabel Myers and her mother, Kathryn Briggs, discovered Jung’s book and, inspired by this, they designed a questionnaire to identify sixteen patterns of action and attitude. By the 1990s, over a million people were taking this questionnaire every year, and interest in personality types was restored in both America and Europe. Perhaps people are not all the same, and their patterns of attitude and action are just as inborn as the shape of their body. Perhaps different people are intelligent or creative in different ways. Perhaps they communicate in different ways. Perhaps they want to learn different things at school. Perhaps they will be good at different sorts of work. We can gain a lot by appreciating these fundamental differences between people, and lose a lot by ignoring them. Read the introduction again. First, decide whether the statements (1–8) are true (T) or false (F) and put a cross ( ) in the correct box. Then identify the sentence in the text which supports your decision. Write the first four words of this sentence in the space provided. There may be more than one correct answer: write down only one. The first one (0) has been done for you. Statements True False First four words 0 It is a relatively new idea that people are born with different temperaments or tendencies. 1 Medicine and philosophy shared many ideas for over a thousand years. 2 Ivan Pavlov also claimed that behaviour was innate. 3 Many psychologists in the 20th century were followers of Freud’s motivation theory. 4 In the early 20th century C.G. Jung challenged Freud’s theory. 5 The way people behaved was seen as either linked to their instincts or to childhood conditioning. 6 Myers and Briggs’ work was inspired by Carl Gustav Jung. 7 Myers and Briggs’ work helped to create new interest in the idea of personality types. 8 The writer thinks people’s differences are overestimated. b The idea that people 38 Language skills Extras Explore 3 Success Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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