Use the bare infinitive (without to) after direct objects and with verbs of perception like see, watch, hear or feel: The man saw the dog run round the corner. I felt the weather get colder in the evenings. Do you hear the birds sing? Form Present simple Present progressive (to) pay (to) be paying Practice Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. 1 I expected me at the airport. (my brother; meet) 2 Our teacher was that Greg was missing. (the last; realise) 3 We didn’t know to the cinema or stay home and watch a video. (whether; go) 4 She wanted her everything about the scandal. (Joe; tell) 5 My brother would like him to the cinema tonight. (me; take) 6 Larry persuaded the concert tickets early. (his girlfriend; book) 7 Grandpa always asks me his new smartphone. (how; operate) 8 I find it really this math problem. (difficult; solve) 9 Every morning dad reminds my little sister from kindergarten. (me; pick up) 10 I can hear the guitar. (John; play) 11 Did you see ? (two men; leave) 12 The boss ordered her immediately if anything happened. (Tom; inform) 13 Meg drove too fast all the way to the airport that the flight was delayed by two hours. (only; see) Unit 9 Relative clauses Meaning A relative clause is part of a sentence. Relative clauses identify which particular person/thing we are talking about or give us extra information about someone/something. They are often introduced by relative pronouns like who or which. Form You can introduce a relative clause with who to talk about people and with which to talk about things. The woman who lives next door is an engineer. The people who I work with are very nice. My father bought a new car which is very fast. I didn’t really enjoy the film which we saw yesterday. Note: 1 Relative clauses can also begin with: ■■ whose: to show possession. I met a girl whose father writes detective stories. Is this the company whose website we looked at? ■■ whom: for people as the object of the relative clause, or immediately after a preposition. The woman whom I wanted to see was in a meeting. Is that the girl from whom you received a letter? In spoken and informal written English, it is much more common to use who or that (or nothing), and to put the preposition at the end of the clause. The woman (who/that) I wanted to see was not there. / Is that the girl (who) you received a letter from? ■■ where: to talk about places. I’d like to live in a country where the sun shines all year. ■■ when: to talk about time. I remember the day when my sister was born. 2 Sentences with relative clauses can sometimes be made shorter with the help of participles. Can I speak to the person who is running the event? Defining and non-defining relative clauses You distinguish between two types of relative clauses. ■■ Defining relative clauses They contain necessary information about a person or thing and cannot be left out. You never use commas to separate them from the rest of the sentence. You can use that instead of who or which. I don’t eat meat which/that isn’t cooked. Are these the people who/that have the real power in the music industry? ■■ Non-defining relative clauses They give extra information about a person or thing which could be left out. You have to use commas to separate them from the rest of the sentence. You cannot use that instead of who or which. 155 G Grammar reference and practice Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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