have to, can Meaning Use have to to say that something is necessary (now, in the future or in general). Sorry, but I have to go now. My taxi’s waiting for me. (now) I have to get up at five o’clock tomorrow morning. My train leaves at ten past six. (in the future) On a normal day, I have to be at school before eight. (in general) Use don’t/doesn’t have to to say something isn’t necessary. Please start eating. You don’t have to wait for me. Use can to say that something is possible (now, in the future or in general). You can use my phone if you want. (now) We can meet again next weekend if you have time. (in the future) You can pay your phone bill at the post office or on the internet. (in general) Use can’t to say something is not possible. I can’t come to the party on Saturday. Form I, you, we, they he, she, it I have to go now. I don’t have to go until ten. Do you have to go so soon? Yes, I do. No, I don’t. Adrian has to get up early tomorrow. Rebecca doesn’t have to get up until nine. Does Rebecca have to work tomorrow? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t. Practice 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of can or have to, positive or negative. 1 Is there a cash machine near here? I get some money. 2 “Can I make myself a cup of coffee?” “Of course you can. You ask.” 3 Where I live, you buy anything after five p.m. All the shops are closed. 4 Carlo’s not coming to work this morning. He go to the doctor’s. 5 OK, I can hear you! You shout! 6 People think Poland’s a cold country, but summers in Poland be really hot. 7 Our company likes its employees to dress smartly. You wear jeans, and men wear a tie. 8 Sorry, I meet you for lunch tomorrow. I go to work. 2a Order the words to make questions. 1 do get up have to on a typical day What time you ? 2 Can manage online you your bank account ? 3 at weekends do have to How often work or study you ? 4 children in Austria do go have to How many years to school ? 5 join people in Austria Can the army when they’re 16 ? 6 do do have to tomorrow What things you ? 7 go students in Austria to university without paying Can ? 2b Discuss the questions. Unit 3 Future plans and arrangements Meaning be going to and the present progressive You can use be going to to talk about people’s personal ideas and plans for the future. I’m going to have a day off training tomorrow. He’s going to tour with his own band next year. You can use the present progressive to talk about future arrangements that have been made with other people or with organisations (companies, schools, airlines, clubs, … ). I’m meeting Leonardo Barreiros at 2 p.m. tomorrow. We’re going to Greece in May. Sometimes the difference between be going to and the present progressive is important. I’m going to get married next week. (it’s not just my idea) I’m getting married next week. (it’s an arrangement with someone else) But often the difference is very small. I’m going to visit my sister next month. (it’s my plan … ) I’m visiting my sister next month. (… and I’ve arranged it with my sister) Present simple You use the present simple for fixed events in the future: timetables (bus, train, etc.) and schedules (flights, classes, etc.). My flight leaves at 3.45 tomorrow afternoon. Tonight’s class starts at 7.00 and ends at 8.30. 148 G Grammar reference and practice Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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