Describing graphs and diagrams Beginning your description ■■ Let’s have a look at this diagram … ■■ To illustrate my point, let’s look at some charts … ■■ This graph shows the results of a survey in which people aged 16 and over were asked about their preferred … ■■ This bar chart illustrates the recent trend toward … Discussing pie charts ■■ This pie chart shows the proportion of … Almost 50% of … are related to …, and more than half of those are … ■■ As you can see, the numbers for A, B, and C are approximately equal – around 1/ 8 – each. ■■ X makes up a little under 10% of … A variety of other … make up the last 5% … ■■ From the pie chart it is apparent that the majority / a clear majority / the overwhelming majority of participants prefer … ■■ Nearly a third of participants prefer to … ■■ Option X accounts for fourteen percent of users’ preferred … ■■ Only a small minority prefer … ■■ X ranks first with 62 million … Y is in second place with 59 million … Discussing bar charts ■■ The bar chart illustrates the number of … between the years 1921 and 2021 at 10-year intervals. ■■ It can be seen that the number of … fell slightly from 14,000 in 1921 to 12,000 in 1971, and then remained level through the following decade. ■■ In general, the younger the people were, the more likely they were to … ■■ While the number of X decreased during this period, the number of Y increased. ■■ The percentage of people who owned a … rose steadily, starting at around 35% in 2011 and reaching about 77% by 2021. ■■ X’s continue to make up the majority of … However, the proportion of Y’s increased sharply in this period. ■■ People aged 16 to 24 represented the greatest percentage of … ownership in both 2011 and 2021. ■■ In 1991 there was one X to every seven Y’s, but by 2011 this had narrowed to one X to every two Y’s. Discussing line graphs ■■ This chart illustrates the gradual increase in … between 1993 and 2020. ■■ The y axis shows (or: represents) the number of … and the x axis shows the time period of the study. ■■ The coloured lines represent different … ■■ The average rate of change is represented by the red line, while the dotted blue line shows overall costs. ■■ The number of … was highest at all times for the age group from 45–64 years old. There were slightly fewer … for the over 65 group, and still fewer for people aged 18–44. People under 18 had far fewer … ■■ X’s peaked in early 2021, and steadily declined throughout the year. ■■ The number of … has been growing constantly since 2017. ■■ By August 2018, the amount of Y’s had jumped/risen to almost … – a total increase of almost 20 percent compared to the long-term average value. ■■ As you can see, while X fell by roughly 15% over the last 5 years, Y increased by over 10% over the same period. ■■ In January and February, the value of X fluctuated between $1.38 and $1.45. ■■ During the month of April, the value of X plunged. It reached its lowest point of $1.20 at the end of April. ■■ The rate of X surged to 10% in … ■■ Y’s have fallen in half since they peaked in September 2020. ■■ At this time, prices began to climb, eventually topping out at nearly $… in mid-2011, and coming pretty close again in 2012. Since then, prices have fallen back a bit. ■■ After bottoming out in 2009, X’s came roaring back over the next several years. ■■ X slowed through much of 2009, bottoming out midway through the year. Since then, the sector has steadily rebounded. Phrases & structures [A] [B] [E] [H] 8.3 Poverty has many faces 75 Key aspects Strategies Sample task 8 Global inequality Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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