Activities Unit 1, exercise 7c abroad drain expatriates migration permanent sending emigration brain SENDING COUNTRIES (1) brings challenges and opportunities for sending countries as well. To begin with the losses, those who leave are often the young, the most enterprising and the best educated. It is estimated that countries with a high rate of (2) lose up to 30% of their highly educated workforce, a brain (3) that poor, catching-up countries like Albania or Bulgaria, for example, can ill afford. Apart from the loss in human capital, sending countries lose out on revenue from tax payments. Despite the loss of intellectual and financial capital, it is argued that (4) countries seem to gain more from migration than they lose. The most obvious benefits are the remittances that workers send home. The IMF (International Monetary Fund) estimates that the money developing countries receive from former nationals working (5) exceeds net foreign aid. If the money sent home is spent on housing, durable goods, healthcare or infrastructure projects there, it is believed that each dollar sent home results in three to four dollars of economic growth. (6) also help their home countries through a rising number of internet networks for exchanging expertise and establishing business contacts. In these virtual communities technical and scientific know-how can be shared. By far the biggest gain for a sending country is if immigrants return home and bring back new ideas and skills. China, for example, organises job fairs in Silicon Valley, to woo back high-tech migrants and encourage ‘(7) circulation’ rather than brain drain. Summing up, one can say that it is beneficial for sending countries to keep in touch with their émigrés. If emigrants return home after a stint abroad, sending countries benefit most. As temporary rather than (8) migration is also in the interest of receiving countries, this may be the key to successful future immigration policies. Student B 206 Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy ODE3MDE=