Grammar reference and practice Unit 1 Talking about the present Meaning Use the present simple to talk about things that are always true, or happen all the time. She has two sisters. I play football at the weekend. I don’t like watching films more than once. Use the present progressive to talk about things happening now, or around now. I’m doing a course in hotel management at the moment. I’m not reading anything at the moment. Use the present perfect to talk about life up to now. I’ve lived here all my life. I’ve already seen that film. Form Present simple How many sisters do you have? I have two sisters. I don’t have any sisters. Do you watch sci-fi series? Yes, I do. No, I don’t. Present progressive What are you watching? I’m watching a film. I’m not watching TV. Are you working now? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. Present perfect What countries have you visited? I’ve visited lots of countries. I haven’t visited many countries. Have you watched Greg’s video? Yes, I have. No I haven’t. I haven’t been online yet. Practice 1a Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. 1 A: What (you / do) at the weekends? B: I (relax) at home. 2 A: What (you / do) right now? B: I (write) a report. 3 A: (you / be) anywhere interesting recently? B: No, I (not / be) away for ages. 4 A : What (you / do) to relax? B: I usually (watch) TV. 5 A: (you / read) anything interesting at the moment? B: No, not really. 1b Ask each other the questions and give your own answers. Relative pronouns Meaning The man who (= subject) caused the accident is in hospital. I looked at two houses which / that (= subject) are for sale. The man whose (= possessive case) car crashed into the wall is in hospital. The house whose (= possessive case) roof was blown off during the storm belongs to my aunt. The man who /whom/ that (= object) I have to see is on leave. The museum which / that (= object) we wanted to visit is closed. Form If who, which or that is the object of a defining clause, you can leave out the relative pronoun. If who or which is the object of a non-defining clause, you cannot replace it with that and you cannot leave it out. The man I wanted to see is on sick leave. Rupert I wanted to see is on sick leave. The museum we wanted to see is closed. The Louvre we wanted to see is closed. The position of prepositions (to, in, at, etc.) in relative clauses can vary. This is the neighbour (who) the reporter was talking to. This is the neighbour to whom the reporter was talking. (formal written language) This is the catalogue (which / that) I was looking at. Note: 1 Which cannot only refer to the subject and object of a clause but also to a whole clause. e.g. He won the lottery, which he could hardly believe. (which: the fact that he won so much money) 2 What does not refer to a noun, but acts as noun and relative pronoun together. This is exactly what I mean. (what: the thing which) Did you hear what he said? (what: the things which) 184 Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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