Unit 6 some, any Meaning You use some and any with plural nouns when you don’t need to say exactly how many. I need to buy some apples. (= more than one apple) I don’t need to buy any apples. I’d like an apple, please. (= one apple) I don’t like apples. (= apples in general) You also use some and any with uncountable nouns when you don’t need to say exactly how much. We have to get some milk. Can you give me some help? We haven’t got any tea. Do you need any help? Form You usually use some in positive sentences and any in negative sentences. I’d like some coffee, please. Sorry, we don’t have any coffee. In questions we often use any. Do you have any milk? But you use some in questions when you expect the answer “yes”, or when you’d like the answer to be “yes”. Would you like some milk? (= an offer) Can I have some milk? (= a request) Practice 1 Complete the sentences with some or any and one of these words. 1 Is black coffee OK? I’m afraid we don’t have . 2 I’m really sorry, I didn’t buy . Can we have pasta? 3 Is there a bank near here? I need to get . 4 I spent last weekend with . We had a great time. 5 Can you help me? I’d like about flights to Paris. 6 I’m looking for somewhere to stay in the city. Do you know near here? emails cash hotels information milk friends rice help 7 I haven’t written to my friends for a while. I really need to write . 8 I don’t need with my suitcase, thanks. 2 Circle the best word in the questions. 1 Do you have some / any brothers or sisters? 2 Have you done some / any exercise this week? 3 Could I have some / any orange juice, please? 4 Do you speak some / any foreign languages? 5 Can you give me some / any time to think about it? 6 Can I have some / any more paper, please? Passives Meaning 1 Compare: Alessandro Volta invented the electric battery in 1800. (ACTIVE) In this sentence, the writer is interested in Alessandro Volta. It could be from an article about Volta’s life. The electric battery was invented in 1800. (PASSIVE) In this sentence, the writer is most interested in the electric battery. The sentence could be from an article about the history of the battery. 2 You can use by to say who does / did the action in a passive sentence. The electric battery was invented by Alessandro Volta in 1800. But often you don’t use by because you don’t know who did the action, or it’s not important. Two hundred bikes are stolen in this city every week. Did you hear? Mike was offered an internship yesterday. Form You always make passives with be + past participle. Present simple passive: am/ is / are + past participle Past simple passive: was /were + past participle They’re made of glass. They aren’t made of plastic. Are they made of glass? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. It was invented in 1820. It wasn’t invented in the 18th century. Was it invented in the 19th century? Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t. 153 G Grammar reference and practice Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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