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73 Das siebente Etappenziel: Schreiben! 7.5 Grafiken, Tabellen, Diagramme, Fotos Sie werden in Ihrem Literaturstudium vielleicht auf Abbildungen stoßen, die Sie ger- ne in Ihrer Arbeit verwenden wollen. Das ist zulässig! Sie können die gewünschten Quellen entweder fotografieren, einscannen oder einfach aus dem Internet kopie- ren. Allerdings muss jede Abbildung eindeutig beschrieben werden: Jede Abbildung wird beschrieben durch • eine (fortlaufende) Nummer, • eine Bildunterschrift, die erklärt, was zu sehen ist, • eine Quellenangabe, wenn nicht Sie die Autorin bzw. der Autor sind. Darauf sollten Sie beim Erstellen von Tabellen, Diagrammen oder Grafiken achten: • Übersichtlichkeit • Beschriftung der Achsen (Qualität, Quantität) • Wahl des richtigen Maßstabs for natural gas, and +3.3 % for coal). The uncertainties are mainly a result of incomplete or unclear reporting by the fossil fuel and cement producers. 6 Results: “ carbon majors ” A total of 914 billion tonnes of CO 2 -equivalent (GtCO 2 e) has been traced to 90 international entities based on analysis of historic production records dating from 1854 to 2010. These entities cumulatively produced 985 billion barrels (bbl) of crude oil and NGLs (79 billion bbl were used for non-energy products), 2,248 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), and 163 billion tonnes of various ranks of coal. The emissions traced to the carbon majors represent 63 % of global industrial CO 2 and methane from fossil fuel combustion, flaring, venting, fugitive or vented methane, own fuel use, and cement between 1751 and 2010 (Fig. 1 ; Table 1 ). The top source is 366 GtCO 2 from the combustion of oil products from 55 entities representing 77.5 % of the global CDIAC estimate of oil emissions (Tables 1 and 2 ; Marland et al. 2011 ). Of total industrial CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from 1751 to 2010, one-half has been emitted since 1984 (Marland et al. 2011 ). Of the emissions traced to carbon major fossil fuel and cement production, half has been emitted since 1986 (Fig. 1 ). Cumulatively, emissions of 315 GtCO 2 e have been traced to investor-owned entities, 288 GtCO 2 e to state-owned companies, and 312 GtCO 2 e to nation-states (Fig. 2 ). The dip in relative production by nation-states in the late 1980s through early 2000s is due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the creation of new state-owned oil and natural gas entities in Russia as well as the transformation of China ’ s petroleum sector into state-owned entities. Cumulative emissions attributed to the twenty largest investor-owned and state-owned energy companies between 1854 and 2010 total 428 GtCO 2 e, or 29.5 % of global industrial emissions from 1751 to 2010 (Table 3 ). The ten largest investor-owned companies alone contribut d 230 GtCO 2 e, or 15.8 % of global emissions through 2010. (See Supplementary Materials for results on all 90 entities.) Fig. 1 Global and Carbon Major entities ’ CO 2 emissions, 1850 – 2010. Global industrial emissions of CO 2 from CDIAC plus methane from Stern & Kaufmann & European Commission ( black line ). Results of all Carbon Major entities ’ emissions of CO 2 and methane ( red line ) 234 Climatic Change (2014) 122:229 – 241 Abb. 35: Darstellung eines Achsendiagramms (Quelle: Heede, 2014, S.234) Abb. 34: Traktor, Steyr Typ 80 Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv