Prime Time 7, Coursebook plus Semester Self-checks

6 A brief geographical and historical overview A map of India Take a look at the map and complete the sentences below. 1. India is divided into … . 3. The population density is highest/lowest in … . 2. India borders on … . 4. Before its partition, … and … also belonged to India. Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Punjab Haryana Rajasthan Gujarat Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Chhattis- garh Orissa Jharkhand Bihar Sikkim Assam Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Manipur Mizoram Tripura Meghalaya Diu & Daman Dadra & Nagar Haveli Delhi Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea Karna- taka Kerala LAHORE Puducherry Andamans & Nicobar Islands Tamil Nadu Goa Lakshadweep MUMBAI 0 km 500 km 1000 km Chandigarh Uttarakhand PAKISTAN NEPAL CHINA MYANMAR SRI LANKA BHUTAN AFGHANISTAN REPUBLIC OF INDIA BANGLADESH BANGALORE HYDERABAD KARACHI CHENNAI KOLKATA DELHI NEW DELHI Population density per km 2 < 40 40–70 70–100 100–120 120–150 150–200 200–250 250–300 300–400 400–600 600–800 800–1000 1000–8000 > 8000 India before Partition A historical outline a) Study the timeline in the fact file. Fact file Indian history 16 th /17 th century: Europeans start trading in India. 1600: British East India Trading Company is founded (British trade monopoly) and “rules” for 250 years over British India. The Company trades mainly in cotton, silk, indigo dye, tea and opium. 1858: The East India Company is dissolved – beginning of the British Raj (= British rule from 1858–1947). The British Crown takes over the rule with a Secretary of State for India and a Council of India in London. In Calcutta, the viceroy is head of the central government of British India. 1876: Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India . 19 th century: India consists of British India and over 600 native states governed by Indian princes. The British set up an efficient railway system, import raw materials and export manufactured goods to the Indians. English becomes the official language. The British Empire is flourishing; India is the “Jewel in the Crown of the British Empire”. 1885: The Indian National Congress (Congress Party) is formed. It becomes the leading force of the Indian Independence Movement. Outbreaks of violence are brutally ended by the British. 1906: The All India Muslim League (AIML) is founded. Later this party becomes a driving force to create Pakistan as a Muslim state on the subcontinent. 1935: Government of India Act – independent legislative assemblies, central government for all the states, protection of Muslim minorities. 1940: Lahore/Pakistan Resolution: The Muslim League supports the idea of a separate Muslim territory . The Congress strongly objects. Violence between Hindus and Muslims ensues. 1942: Mahatma Gandhi starts his “Quit India” movement. Escalation of violence. 15 August 1947: British withdrawal. India becomes independent , but is partitioned into two separate states: India and Pakistan. F b) With the help of the internet write a short definition for each term/person: Sikh – rupees – Ganges – New Delhi – Sanskrit – the Mughal Empire – Taj Mahal – Maharaja – Kashmir – Nehru 1  2  82 India Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv