Prime Time 5, Transition, Coursebook mit Audio-CD

G Defining and non-defining relative clauses  Page 126 a) Defining and non-defining relative clauses Defining relative clause Non-defining relative clause James Cook was the British explorer who discovered the east coast of Australia. Captain Cook, who sailed from England in 1768, reached Australia in April 1770. Marsupials are the only animals which/that carry their young around in pouches. The kangaroo, which can only be found in Australia and Tasmania, is a marsupial. Australia, whose animal world is unique, is visited by millions of tourists every year. • A deˆning relative clause gives you important information about a noun. • Without the relative clause it is impossible to understand who or what is meant. • ere is no comma between the main clause and a deˆning relative clause . • In deˆning relative clauses you can use who or that for people and which and that for things. • A non-deˆning relative clause gives extra information . It can make the sentence more interesting. • e main clause, however, is complete without it. • ere are commas between the main clause and a non-deˆning relative clause. • In non-deˆning relative clauses you use who for people and which for things. • Whose as a possessive determiner can be used for people and things. b) Contact clauses Contact clause The ranger who/that we met at the Marine Park took us out in a glass-bottom boat. The crocodiles which/that I saw in the river didn’t look very friendly. • When the relative pronoun is the object of the de¡ning relative clause, you can leave it out. ese relative clauses are called contact clauses . Conditional clauses  Page 138 Conditional clauses express conditions. ey have an if -clause (the condition) and a main clause. e if -clause can come either before or aŒer the main clause (the consequence). ere are three basic types. Remember: • no will/would in the if -clause! • no comma before the if -clause! a) Conditional 1 – real conditions Conditional 1 describes real or probable future situations . e condition will probably be ful¡lled. Conditional clause Main clause If it snows, I won’t go out. • Most common form: If + present simple, “will” future If you’re going shopping, If he’s had enough, will you buy me some bread? he’ll stop. • e present continuous or the present perfect can also be used to talk about the future in the if -clause. When I see her, I’ll tell her. • When can replace if in the conditional clause to show that something is more certain . If I pass my exam, If you go now, we could celebrate. you might see him. • Could/Might can replace will in the main clause to show that something is less certain . G10 G11 164 Grammar Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv