138 EXAM PRACTICE Read the texts about some world-famous hackers. Choose the correct summary from the list (A–I) for each paragraph (1–6). There are two extra summaries that you should not use. Write your answers in the boxes provided. The first one (0) has been done for you. READING 2 Computer criminals 0 Adrian Lamo Most of Adrian Lamo’s illicit activities involved breaking into computer networks and then reporting on their vulnerabilities to the companies that owned them. He was named ‘the homeless hacker’ as he led a nomadic lifestyle, often couchsurfing at friends’ houses. Lamo’s biggest claim to fame came when he broke into the intranet of the New York Times and added his name to their database of experts. Lamo died in 2018 at the age of 37 – the cause of his death was inconclusive. 1 Kevin Mitnick Described by the US Department of Justice as ‘the most wanted computer criminal in United States history’, Mitnick referred to his hacking activities as ‘social engineering’. The self-styled ‘hacker poster boy’ allegedly hacked into the computer systems of some of the world’s top technology and telecommunications companies including Nokia, Fujitsu and Motorola. After a highly publicised pursuit by the FBI, Mitnick was arrested and served a five-year prison sentence. 2 Kevin Poulson Poulson first became notorious by hacking into the phone lines of Los Angeles radio station KIIS-FM, ensuring he would be the 102nd caller and thus the winner of a competition the station was running in which the prize was a Porsche. The authorities began pursuing Poulson in earnest after he hacked into a federal investigation database. Poulson even appeared on the US television Unsolved Mysteries as a fugitive – although all the call-in phone lines for the programme mysteriously crashed. 3 Michael Calce Calce gained notoriety when he was just 15 years old by hacking into some of the largest commercial websites in the world. In 2000, using the hacker alias ‘MafiaBoy’, Calce launched a series of denial-of-service attacks across 75 computers in 52 networks, affecting sites such as eBay, Amazon and Yahoo. He was arrested after he boasted about his hack in online chat rooms. He received a sentence of eight months of ‘open custody’, one year’s probation, restricted use of the internet and a small fine. 4 Stephen Wozniak Famous for being the co-founder of Apple, Stephen ‘Woz’ Wozniak began his ‘white-hat’ hacking career with ‘phone phreaking’ – slang for bypassing the phone system. While studying at the University of California, he made devices for his friends called ‘blue boxes’, which allowed them to make free long-distance phone calls. Wozniak allegedly used one such device to call the Pope. He later dropped out of university after he began work on an idea for a computer. He formed Apple Computer with his friend Steve Jobs, and the rest, as they say, is history. 5 Loyd Blankenship Blankenship was a member of some hacker elite groups in the 1980s – notably the Legion Of Doom, who battled for supremacy online against the Masters Of Deception. However, his biggest claim to fame is that he is the author of The Hacker Manifesto (The Conscience Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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