Unit 8 Linking words and phrases We use linking words and phrases to structure texts. They make it easier for readers to understand the ideas in a text. For ordering ideas, you can use: first (of all), then, furthermore, finally First, the camera obscura was used. Then came the daguerreotypes. Finally, people started using smartphones for taking pictures. For giving reasons, you can use: because, as, this is why As your pictures on social media platforms can be used for something you might not like, you should always be careful about posting pictures online. This is why lots of schools offer workshops about this topic nowadays. For giving examples, you can use: for example There are lots of other cool things you can do with your photos, for example, you could make a scrapbook. For making a statement, you can use: so, all in all All in all, Ally has really enjoyed working on her art project. For saying that there’s a difference, you can use: however, but, whereas Whereas Lionel loves taking pictures all the time, Liam is not so sure that’s a good idea. However, Liam has also worked on an interesting art project. For talking about time, you can use: when, all of a sudden, suddenly, in the end When Ally started to work on photography, she didn’t think it was art. In the end, she found it really cool. Non-defining relative clauses Non-defining relative clauses can give extra information about a person, a thing or a situation – we don’t need this kind of information to know who or what we are talking about. We use commas around these relative clauses. They make sentences longer and texts more informative. We use who for people: Ally, who makes podcasts, is working on an art project. We use which for things: The art project, which is for school, is getting on Liam’s nerves. We use when for giving details about time: In 1826, when the first photograph was taken, people were not used to taking pictures all the time. We use where for giving details about place: In France, where the daguerreotype was invented, the ghostly pictures were not as popular as in the US. G11 " p. 65 G12 " p. 67 142 Grammar one hundred and forty-two Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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