Prime Time 7/8, Language in Use, Arbeitsheft

Language in use: Daniel Kahneman on income You are going to read a text about the inequality of income. Some words are missing from the text. Use the words in brackets to complete each gap (1–15) in the text. Write your answers in the spaces provided at the end of the text. The first one (0) has been done for you. … (0 educate ) is an important factor of income – one of the most important – but it is less important than most people think. If everyone had the same education, the … (Q1 equal ) of income would be reduced by less than 10%. When you focus on education you neglect all the other factors that … (Q2 determination ) income. The differences of income among people who have the same education are huge. Income is an important factor of people’s … (Q3 satisfy ) with their lives, but it is far less important than most people think. If everyone had the same income, the … (Q4 differ ) among people in life satisfaction would be reduced by less than 5%. Income is even less important as a determinant of emotional … (Q5 happy ) . Winning the lottery is a happy event, but the excitement does not last. On average, individuals with high income are in a better mood than people with lower income, but the difference is about one third as large as most people expect. When you think of rich and poor people, your thoughts are … (Q6 evitable ) focused on circumstances in which their income is important. But happiness depends on other factors more than it depends on income. People who are paralysed due to spinal injury are often … (Q7 happy ) , but they are not unhappy all the time because they spend most of the time … (Q8 experience ) and thinking about other things than their … (Q9 able ) . When we think of what it is like to be paralysed, or blind, or a lottery winner or a … (Q10 reside ) of California we focus on the … (Q11 distinguish ) aspects of each of these conditions. The mismatch of focusing on thinking about a life condition and actually living it is the cause of the “focusing illusion”. Marketers exploit the focusing illusion. When people are led to believe that they “must have” a good, they … (Q12 great ) exaggerate the difference that the good will make to the quality of their life. The focusing illusion is greater for some goods than for others, … (Q13 depend ) on the extent to which the goods attract … (Q14 continue ) attention over time. The focusing illusion is, for example, likely to be more … (Q15 signify ) for leather car seats than for books on tape. (Daniel Kahneman, edge.org , 2014; adapted and abridged) 0 education Q8 Q1 Q9 Q2 Q10 Q3 Q11 Q4 Q12 Q5 Q13 Q6 Q14 Q7 Q15 4 ✔ 86 Big money 17 Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv