English Unlimited HAK/HUM 3, Schulbuch mit Audio-CD und CD-ROM (mit Handelskorrespondenz)

191 Grammar reference and practice A: Could you tell me where the nearest bank is? B: Yes, it’s on Grant Street, opposite the train station. A: Thanks. Can I walk there? There are many ways of introducing an indirect question. Some of the most common are: Do you know what time the coach leaves? Could you tell me if you’re free tomorrow afternoon? Could I ask you if you enjoyed the film? I was wondering whether I could borrow your laptop. FORM Yes / no questions Direct Do you know her well? Are you waiting for a bus? Have you seen a wallet around here? Indirect Could I ask you if you know her well? Could you tell me whether you’re waiting for a bus? I was wondering if you’ve seen a wallet around here. Wh - questions Direct When’s the next bus? Where’s the nearest cash machine? What’s the time? Indirect Do you know when the next bus is ? Do you have any idea where the nearest cash machine is ? Could you tell me what the time is ? In indirect questions: we use the same word order as affirmative sentences (e.g. subject + verb). we don’t include do , does or did . But we do include other auxiliary verbs (e.g. be , have ) and modals (e.g. could , should ). we use if or whether in yes / no questions. We usually use whether … or to emphasise a choice of two. PRACTICE 1a Make these questions into indirect questions. 1 Do you always eat breakfast? Which meal of the day is the most important? 2 How do you get to school? How long does it take? 3 What political party do you support? Do you think it’s OK not to vote in an election? 4 How many languages do you speak? Should all children learn a foreign language? 5 Are you a member of a gym or leisure centre? How much exercise do you do every week? 1b Choose one of the questions 1–5 to ask different people about. Then walk around and ask your questions. Ask more questions to find out more information. Relative pronouns See also English Unlimited 2, Grammar reference p. 155 ‘Relative clauses with who and which . MEANING The man who (= subject) caused the accident is in hospital. We looked at some houses which / that (= subject) are for sale. The man whose (= possessive case) car crashed into the wall is in hospital. The house whose (= possessive case) roof was blown off during the storm belongs to my aunt. The man who / whom / that (= object) I have to see is on leave. The museum which / that (= object) we wanted to visit is closed. FORM If who , which or that is the object of a defining clause , you can leave out the relative pronoun. If who or which is the object of a non-defining clause , you cannot replace it with that and you cannot leave it out. The man I wanted to see is on sick leave. Rupert I wanted to see is on sick leave. The museum we wanted to see is closed. The Louvre we wanted to see is closed. The position of prepositions ( to , in , at , etc.) in relative clauses can vary. This is the neighbour ( who ) the reporter was talking to . This is the neighbour to whom the reporter was talking. (formal written language) This is the catalogue ( which / that ) I was looking at . Note: 1 Which cannot only refer to the subject and object of a clause but also to a whole clause. e.g. He was fired after he saved the man’s life, which is rather unjust. (which: the fact that he was fired) 2 What does not refer to a noun, but acts as noun and relative pronoun together. This is exactly what I mean. (what: the thing which) Did you hear what he said? (what: the things which) PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronoun. Add commas where necessary. In which sentences can you leave out the relative pronoun? 1 The job I applied for was advertised on the internet. 2 The mother child was injured in the accident contacted her lawyer. Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv