Prime Time 5, Coursebook mit Audio-CD

Past perfect After we had visited our relations in Sydney, we flew back home. We had been to the Great Barrier Reef before we went to Sydney. The past perfect describes an activity that happened before another activity in the past. Past perfect progressive Darren had been reading Walkabout for three hours when his girlfriend rang and asked him to go surfing with her. They ’d only been surfing for a few minutes when they suddenly saw a shark. The past perfect progressive describes an activity that was in progress before another activity in the past happened. G 4 Defining and non-defining relative clauses  Page 40 Defining relative clause Non-defining relative clause James Cook was the British explorer who discovered the east coast of Australia . Captain Cook, who sailed from England in 1768 , reached Australia in April 1770. Marsupials are the only animals which/that carry their young around in pouches . The kangaroo, which can only be found in Australia and Tasmania , is a marsupial. Australia, whose animal world is unique , is visited by millions of tourists every year. A defining relative clause gives you important information about a noun. Without the relative clause it is impossible to understand who or what is meant. There is no comma between the main clause and a defining relative clause . In defining relative clauses you can use who or that for people and which and that for things. A non-defining relative clause gives extra information. It can make the sentence more interesting. The main clause, however, is complete without it. There are commas between the main clause and a non-defining relative clause. In non-defining relative clauses you only use who for people and which for things. Whose as a possessive determiner can be used for people and things. Contact clause The ranger who/that we met at the Marine Park took us out in a glass-bottom boat. The crocodiles which/that I saw in the river didn’t look very friendly. When the relative pronoun is the object of the defining relative clause, you can leave it out. These relative clauses are called contact clauses . G 5 Participles  Pages 52–53 a) Participles in verb forms Use the present participle for the progressive form: Naomi is listening to a CD. Marco and Pete are looking at a leaflet. 152 Grammar G Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv